Alleviation of Lead Nitrate-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Garlic Essential Oil in Albino Mice: A Comprehensive Study on Inflammation and Genotoxicity
Authors
-
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk - 304022, Rajasthan ,IN
Sakshi Sharma -
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk - 304022, Rajasthan ,INVeena Sharma
Keywords:
Comet Assay, Garlic Essential Oil, Interleukins, Lead Nitrate, NephrotoxicityAbstract
Lead (Pb) is a hazardous environmental contaminant that has been linked to renal impairments when consumed. As a part of this study, we explored garlic essential oil’s potential therapeutic uses against Lead nitrate (PbNo3)2-mediated nephrotoxicity. Six experimental groups of six mice each were employed and groupings were further formed as - Control, (PbNo3)2, (PbNo3)2 + low dosage of garlic essential oil, (PbNo3)2 + high dosage of garlic essential oil, (PbNo3)2 + Silymarin and (PbNo3)2 + olive oil groups. (PbNo3)2 treatment enhanced the progression of renal inflammation by activating the NFĸB signaling pathway which in turn increased the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators like TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6. With that, the reduction of IL-10 cytokine level was also noticed. Interestingly, oral administration of garlic essential oil to some extent improved biological functioning since it was able to substantially decreased the inflammatory processes in the renal tissue. The Lead nitrate intoxicated group also showed substantially higher parameters of the comet assay, including the percentage of DNA in the tail, tail length and the moment of the tail, demonstrating the degree of genetic instability caused by heavy metal exposure. However, garlic essential oil to some extent was able to recover these parameters and ensure molecular repair.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Sakshi Sharma, Veena Sharma
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Accepted 2024-04-08
Published 2024-04-18
References
Rehman K, Fatima F, Waheed I, Akash MS. Prevalence of exposure of heavy metals and their impact on health consequences. J Cell Biochem. 2018; 119(1):157-84. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.26234. PMid:28643849.
Rains JL, Jain SK. Oxidative stress, insulin signalling and diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med. 2011; 50(5):567-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.006 PMid:21163346 PMCid: PMC3557825.
Woo M, Seol BG, Kang K-H, Choi YH, Cho EJ, Noh JS. Effects of collagen peptides from skate (Raja kenojei) skin on improvements of the insulin signalling pathway via attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Food Funct. 2020; 11(3):2017-25. PMid: 32096813. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9FO02667C. PMid:32096813
Zhao W, Li J, Li Y, Chen Y, Jin H. Preventive effect of collagen peptides from Acaudina molpadioides on acute kidney injury through attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022; 1-10. https:// doi.org/10.1155/2022/8186838 PMid:35592533 PMCid: PMC9113864.
Collin MS, Venkatraman SK, Vijayakumar N, Kanimozhi V, Arbaaz SM, Stacey RG, et al. Bioaccumulation of lead (PB) and its effects on human: A review. J Hazard Mater Adv. 2022; 7:100094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. hazadv.2022.100094
Shi Y, Tian C, Yu X, Fang Y, Zhao X, Zhang X, et al. Protective effects of Smilax glabra roxb. against lead-induced renal oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in weaning rats and HEK-293 cells. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11. https:// doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.556248 PMid:32982754 MCid: PMC7493636.
Kumar S, Dobos GJ, Rampp T.The significance of Ayurvedic medicinal plants. J Evidence-Based Complementary Altern Med. 2016; 22(3):494-501. https://doi. org/10.1177/2156587216671392 PMid:27707902 PMCid: PMC5871155.
Tesfaye A. Revealing the therapeutic uses of garlic (Allium sativum) and its potential for drug discovery. Sci World J. 2021; 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8817288 PMid:35002548 PMCid: PMC8739926.
Mehrandish R, Rahimian A, Shahriary A. Heavy metals detoxification: A review of herbal compounds for chelation therapy in heavy metals toxicity. J Herbmed Pharmacol. 2019; 8(2):69-77. https://doi.org/10.15171/jhp.2019.12.
Singh N, Kumar A, Gupta VK, Sharma B. Biochemical and molecular bases of lead-induced toxicity in mammalian systems and possible mitigations. Chem Res Toxicol. 2018; 31(10):1009-21. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs. chemrestox.8b00193 PMid:30178661.
Zheng L, Guo H, Zhu M, Xie L, Jin J, Korma SA. Intrinsic properties and extrinsic factors of food matrix system affecting the effectiveness of essential oils in foods: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023; 1-34. PMid: 36861257. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2023.2 184767
Sharma V, Sharma A, Kansal L. The effect of oral administration of Allium sativum extracts on lead nitrate induced toxicity in male mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48(3):928-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.002 PMid: 20060875.
Unaegbu M, Engwa GA, Abaa QD, Aliozo SO, Ayuk EL, Osuji GA. Heavy metal, nutrient and antioxidant status of selected fruit samples sold in Enugu, Nigeria. Int J Food Contam. 2016; 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40550-016- 0031-9
Herrera-Calderon O, Chacaltana-Ramos LJ, Huayanca- Gutiérrez IC, Algarni MA, Alqarni M, Batiha GE-S. Chemical constituents, in vitro antioxidant activity and in silico study on NADPH oxidase of Allium sativum L. (garlic) essential oil. Antioxidants.2021;10(11):1844. https://doi. org/10.3390/antiox10111844 PMid:34829715 PMCid: PMC8615010.
Recio L, Hobbs C, Caspary W, Witt KL. Doseresponse assessment of four genotoxic chemicals in a combined mouse and Rat Micronucleus (MN) and comet assay protocol. J Toxicol Sci. 2010;35(2): 149-62. https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.35.149 PMid:20371966 PMCid: PMC3520611.
McKelvey-Martin VJ, Green MHL, Schmezer P, Pool-Zobel BL, De Méo MP, Collins A. The single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay): A European review. Mutat Res/ Fund Mol Mech Mutagen.1993; 288(1):47-63. https://doi. org/10.1016/0027-5107(93)90207-V PMid:7686265.
Etebari M, Vahidifar E, Sajjadi S. Antioxidant and genoprotective effects of osthole against cadmium-induced DNA damage: An in vitro study using comet assay. Res Pharm Sci. 2022; 17(6):657. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735- 5362.359432 PMid:36704433 PMCid: PMC9872183.
OLIVE PL. DNA damage and repair in individual cells: Applications of the comet assay in radiobiology. Int J Radiat Biol. 1999; 75(4):395-405. https://doi. org/10.1080/095530099140311 PMid: 10331844.
Gillis BS, Arbieva Z, Gavin IM.Analysis of lead toxicity in human cells.BMC Genomics. 2012; 13(1). PMID: 22839698. PMCid: PMC3424832. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164- 13-344
Tamás M, Sharma S, Ibstedt S, Jacobson T, Christen P. Heavy metals and metalloids as a cause for protein misfolding and aggregation. Biomolecules. 2014; 4(1):252-67. PMid: 24970215 PMCid: PMC4030994. https://doi.org/10.3390/ biom4010252
BaSalamah MA, Abdelghany AH, El-Boshy M, Ahmad J, Idris S, Refaat B. Vitamin D alleviates lead-induced renal and testicular injuries by immunomodulatory and antioxidant mechanisms in rats. Sci Rep. 2018; 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23258-w PMid:29556070 PMCid: PMC5859277.
Derouiche S, Cheradid T, Guessoum M. Heavy metals, oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease - A Review. Asian J Pharm Technol. 2020; 10(3):202. https://doi.org/10.5958/2231- 5713.2020.00033.1
Sharma K, Sharma V. Prophylactic efficacy of Allium sativum essential oil on hepatic tissues of mice model exposed to inorganic lead salt. Toxicol Int. 2023; 30(4):455-68. https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i4/32343
Singh N, Kumar A, Gupta VK, Sharma B. Biochemical and molecular bases of lead-induced toxicity in mammalian systems and possible mitigations. Chem Res Toxicol. 2018; 31(10):1009-21. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs. chemrestox.8b00193 PMid:30178661.
Gupta VK, Singh S, Agrawal A, Siddiqi NJ, Sharma B. Phytochemicals mediated remediation of neurotoxicity induced by heavy metals. Biochem Res Int. 2015; 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/534769 PMid:26618004 PMCid: PMC4651672.
Shaban NS, Abdou KA, Hassan NE-H. Impact of toxic heavy metals and pesticide residues in Herbal Products. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci. 2016; 5(1):102-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjbas.2015.10.001
Jan C-R, Lo H-R, Chen C-Y, Kuo S-Y. Effect of allyl sulfides from garlic essential oil on intracellular Ca2+ levels in renal tubular cells. J Nat Prod. 2012; 75(12):2101-7. https://doi.org/10.1021/np3005248 PMid:23163425.
Liu T, Zhang L, Joo D, Sun S-C.NF-ΚB signalling in inflammation. Signal Transduct Target Ther.2017; 2(1):17023 PMID: 29158945. https://doi.org/10.1038/ sigtrans.2017.23 PMid:29158945 PMCid: PMC5661633.
Redondo-Calvo FJ, Bejarano-Ramírez N, Baladrón V, Montenegro O, Gómez LA, Velasco R. Black garlic and thiosulfate-enriched extracts as adjuvants to ceftriaxone treatment in a rat peritonitis model of sepsis. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(12): 3095. https://doi.org/10.3390/ biomedicines10123095 PMid:36551850 PMCid: PMC9775994.
Wang S, Xu Y, Weng Y, Fan X, Bai Y, Zheng X. Astilbin ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018; 114:227-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. fct.2018.02.041 PMid:29471006.
Ramesh GT, Manna SK, Aggarwal BB, Jadhav AL. Lead activates nuclear transcription factor -ΚB, activator protein-1, and amino-terminal C-Jun Kinase in pheochromocytoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1999; 155(3):280-6. https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1999.8624 PMid:10079214.
Kucukler S, Benzer F, Yildirim S, Gur C, Kandemir FM, Bengu AS, et al. Protective effects of chrysin against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by lead acetate in rat kidneys: A biochemical and histopathological approach. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020; (4):1501-14. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02268-8 PMid:32613487.
Jing H, Zhang Q, Li S, Gao X. PB exposure triggers MAPK-dependent inflammation by activating oxidative stress and MIRNA-155 expression in carp head kidney. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020; 106:219-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.015 PMid:32781208.
Nava-Ruiz C, Méndez-Armenta M, Ríos C. Lead neurotoxicity: Effects on brain nitric oxide synthase. J Mol Histol. 2012; 43(5):553-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735- 012-9414-2 PMid:22526509.
Matović V, Buha A, Ðukić-Ćosić D, Bulat Z. Insight into the oxidative stress induced by lead and/or cadmium in blood, liver and kidneys. Food Chem Toxicol. 2015; 78:130-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2015.02.011 PMid:25681546.
Sajitha GR, Augusti KT, Jose R. Prophylactic effects of garlic oil and onion oil fractions as compared to vitamin E on rats orally fed with lead acetate solution. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2016; 31(3):260-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-015- 0526-9 PMid:27382196 PMCid: PMC4910844.
Eddie-Amadi BF, Ezejiofor AN, Orish CN, Orisakwe OE. Zinc and selenium mitigated heavy metals mixture (Pb, Al, hg and Mn) mediated hepatic-nephropathy via modulation of oxido-inflammatory status and nfkb signalling in female albino rats. Toxicology. 2022; 481:153350. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.tox.2022.153350 PMid:36220500.
Ige AO, Ongele FA, Adele BO, Emediong IE, Odetola AO, Adewoye EO. Pathophysiology of iron overload-induced renal injury and dysfunction: Roles of renal oxidative stress and systemic inflammatory mediators. Pathophysiology. 2019; 26(2):175-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. pathophys.2019.03.002 PMid:30910397.
