Evaluation of the Neuroprotective Action of Azadirachta indica Leaves Extract in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rodent Model

Abstract

Among the most common and painful consequences of diabetes mellitus, Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common. For DPN management, a variety of techniques have been used, ranging from traditional medicines to alternative approaches. Natural compounds are also the focus of research to explore the possible treatment by replacing or combining with the existing therapies. Different neurological changes in diabetic neuropathy and the effect of the Azadirachta indica (neem) extract were assessed with nerve conduction velocity, and biochemical and histological analysis in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mellitus. The therapeutic effect of the extract was evaluated with doses 100, 200 and 500mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks after induction of diabetes. The protective effect was evaluated by treating the animals with hydroalcoholic extract of neem leaves in 500mg/kg dose before the induction of diabetes and post-treatment with the standard drug Metformin (500mg/kg). Both resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose, additionally, 500mg/kg body weight dose revealed the signs of neuroprotection in diabetic rats. Neem leaf extract appears to be promising for future investigations, which might contribute to the emergence of new drugs for diabetes treatment and diabetic neuropathy either alone or in combination with conventional therapies.