Lifestyle And Hypertension

Jump To References Section

Authors

  • ,IN
  • ,IN

Keywords:

Hypertension, Salt, Diet, Weight Reduction, Stress, Smoking, Alcohol, Physical Activity

Abstract

Hypertension (HTN) is fast emerging as a modern epidemic in the world. It is the leading and most important modifiable risk factor for heart diseases, stroke, renal diseases and retinopathy. Appropriate lifestyle changes are the cornerstone for the prevention of hypertension. It can be prevented by simply adopting a healthy lifestyle. Lifestyle measures that have been shown to be capable of reducing blood pressure include: (i) salt restriction, (ii) Diet, (iii) moderation of alcohol consumption, (iv) stopping smoking, (v) weight reduction and maintenance, (vi) regular physical exercise and (vii) stress. This review article investigates the role of lifestyle modification in preventing hypertension.

Published

2021-06-08

How to Cite

Navneet, S. K., & Neerja, S. (2021). Lifestyle And Hypertension. Journal of Indian Dietetics Association, 40(1), 10–16. Retrieved from https://www.informaticsjournals.com/index.php/jida/article/view/27891

Issue

Section

Articles

 

References

Appel LJ (2003) Lifestyle Modification as a Means to Prevent and Treat High Blood Pressure. J Am SocNephrol 14: S99"S102.

Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Horton R, Adams C, Alleyne G, Asaria P, Baugh V, Bekedam H, Billo N and Casswell S (2011) Priority actions for the non"communicable disease crisis. Lancet 377:1438–1447.

Bhatnagar A (2016) E"Cigarettes and cardiovascular disease risk: evaluation of evidence, policy implications, and recommendations. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep 10: 1–10.

Campbell N, Burgess E and Taylor G (1999) Lifestyle changes to prevent and control hypertension: Do they work? Can Med Assoc J 160:1341" 55.

Despres JP (2012) Body fat distribution and risk of cardiovascular disease: an update. Circulation 126: 1301–1313.

De Souza RJ, Mente A and Maroleanu A (2015). Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta" analysis of observational studies. BMJ 351:3978–3978.

Egan B, Lackland D and Cutler N (2003) Awareness, knowledge and attitudes of older Americans about high blood pressure. Arch Int Med 163: 681"87.

Eckel RH, Jakicic JM and Ard JD (2013) 2013 AHA/ACC guide line on life style management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014: 63.

Folsom A R, Parker E D and Harnack L J (2007) Degree of concordance with DASH diet guidelines and incidence and fatal cardiovascular disease. Am J Hypertens 20:223"24.

Garcia S (2015) Alcohol Consumption and CVD: The case for moderation. Available at: http://www.acc.org/latest"in" cardiology/articles/2015/01/05/13/06/alc ohol"consumption"and"cvd"the"case"for" moderation.

Guddad S, Malagi U, Kasturiba B and Hasabi I (2012) Knowledge and life style factors of hypertensive subjects. Karnataka J Agri Sci 25:373"76.

He FJ, Li J and Macgregor GA (2013) Effect of longer term modest salt reduction on blood pressure: Cochrane systematic review and meta"analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 346:1325.

Hu G, Barengo NC, Tuomilehto J, Lakka TA, Nissinen A and Jousilahti P (2004) Relationship of physical activity and body mass index to the risk of hypertension: a prospective study in Finl and. Hypertension. 43:25"30.

Ireland M, Vandongen R and Davidson L (1984) Acute effects of moderate alcohol consumption on blood pressure and plasma catecholamines. Clin Sci 66:643"48.

Kaplan N M, Burt V L and Culter J A (1997) Treatment of hypertension: insights from the JNC"VI Report. Am Fam Physician 157: 2413"46.

Khosravi A, Akhavan Tabib A and Golshadi I (2012). The relationship between weight and CVD risk factors in a sample population from central Iran (based on IHHP). ARYA Atheroscler 8: 82–89.

Kulkarni A T (1998) Hypertension"A silent killer. Ind M Gaz 32:73"77.

Kumari J D, Krishna, H B and Anjaneyulu G V (2008) Prevalence of hypertension in women of different age groups of Guntur city. Ind J Nutr Diet 45:344"350.

Law MR and Wald NJ (2003) Environmental tobacco smoke and ischemic heart disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 46:31–38.

Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair"Rohani H, AlMazroa MA, Amann M, Anderson HR and Andrews KG (2012). A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380:2224–2260.

Lemone P and Burke K (2008) Medical" Surgical Nursing: Critical thinking in client care. Pp.1158"60. Pearson Prentice Hall Company, New Jersey.

Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R and Collins R (2002) Age"specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta"analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 360:1903–1913.

Marijon E, Tafflet M and Celermajer DS (2011). Sports"related sudden death in the general population. Circulation 124: 672–681.

Matthews K A, Katholi Charles R, McCreath H, Whooley M A., Williams D R, Zhu S and Markovitz J H (2007) Blood Pressure reactivity to psychological stress predicts hypertension in the CARDIA study . Circulation 110:74"78.

Midgley J, Matthew A and Greenwood C (1996) Effect of reduced dietary sodium on blood pressure: a meta"analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 275:1590"98.

Mozaffarian D, Fahimi S, Singh GM, Micha R, Khatibzadeh S, Engell RE, Lim S, Danaei G, Ezzati M and Powles J (2014). Global sodium consumption and death from cardiovascular causes. New England J Med 371:624–634.

NICE (2016) Cardiovascular disease: risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification. NICE Guideline CG181, 2016.

Opie L and Seedat Y (2005) Hypertension in sub"saharan African populations. Circulation 112: 3562"68.

Payab M, Kelishad R, Qorban M, Motlagh M E, Ranjbar S H, Ardalan G, Zahed H, Chinian M, Asayesh H, Larijani B and Heshmat R (2015) Assoc iation of junk food consumption with high blood pressure and obesity in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN"IV Study. J Pediatr (Rio J) 91:196"05.

Perk J, De Backer G and Gohlke H (2012). European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). Eur Heart J 33: 1635–1701.

Piepoli MF, Hoes AW and Agewall S (2016). 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts) Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovas cular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). Eur Heart J 37: 2315–2381.

Radhika G, Sathya R M, Sudha V, Ganesan A and Mohan V ( 2007) Dietary salt intake and hypertension in an urban South Indian population. JAPI 55:217"28.

Rouse I, Beilin L, Armstrong B and Vandongen R (1983) Blood pressure lowering effect of a vegetarian diet. Controlled trial in normotensive subjects. Lancet 1:5"10.

Soliman H (2007) Impact of an educational program on compliance to therapeutic regimen among patients with arterial hypertension. Ph.D. dissertation. Cairo University. Egypt.

Stevens V, Obarzanek E, Cook N, Lee I, Appel L, Smith W, Milas N and Mattfeldt B (2001) Term weight loss and changes in blood pressure: results of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention, phase II. Ann Intern Med 134:1"11.

Unal B, Critchley JA and Capewell S (2004). Explaining the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in England and Wales between 1981 and 2000. Circulation 109: 1101–1107.

Viera A, Lingley K and Esserman D (2010) Effects of labelling patients as prehypertensive. J Am Board Fam Med 23:571"83.

Wehedy A A, Elhameed S H and Hameed D A (2014) Effect of lifestyle intervention program on controlling hypertension among older adults. JEP 5:2222"35.

Weheida S M, Ahmed H A, Shehata A E and Shaala S A (2009) Effect of walking and breathing exercise on controlling hypertension. Alexandria Nurs Science J 8:105"33.

Wexler R, Aukerman G (2006) Nonpharmacologic Strategies for Managing Hypertension. Am Fam Physician 73:1953" 1956. WHO (2013) http://www.who.int/nmh/global_monitoring_framewo rk/en/.