Incidence of egg and larval parasitoids of Chilo partellus on Kharif maize
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2020/23014Keywords:
Biocontrol, Chilo partellus, Cotesia, Maize, TrichogrammaAbstract
The incidence of egg and larval parasitoids of Chilo partellus was monitored in insecticide free maize fields at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, for three Kharif seasons of 2013 to 2015. The hymenopteran parasitoid, Trichogramma sp. was recorded to be the only egg parasitoid in this area, while a good number of larvae were parasitized by braconid, Cotesia flavipes. The egg parasitism was recorded on the freshly laid eggs of stem borer obtained by artificially releasing the adults of C. partellus on maize cultivars, HQPM1 and PMH1, at 12 days after germination. There was no egg parasitism recorded during Kharif 2013 and 2014, whereas 5.6 percent egg-mass parasitism by Trichogramma sp. was recorded during Kharif, 2015. The larval parasitoids were monitored by artificially infesting the maize plants with neonates of laboratory reared C. partellus. The larvae were allowed to develop on maize plants under field conditions for 20 days. The plants showing stem borer damage were cut and brought to the laboratory. The larvae collected from infested maize plants were reared in the laboratory. The maggots of C. flavipes recovered from parasitized larvae ranged from 29-100, 41-50 and 20-80 percent during Kharif 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. The result of this study indicated that parasitism by Cotesia was influenced by age of plants damaged by C. partellus. The young maize plants seemed to be more attractive to the foraging of Cotesia and more stem borer larvae were parasitized on these plants as the maximum (58 percent) parasitism was observed at 40-day-old crop. The parasitoid was found to be active on maize from 40-60 days after germination and the incidence decreased thereafter. Insecticides should not be used during this period. The current studies also revealed that host densities had no significant effect on percentage parasitism by Cotesia.
Downloads
Metrics
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
References
Altieri MA, Nicholls CI. 2004. Biodiversity and Pest Management in Agroecosystems (2nd eds.). Food Products Press®, an imprint of The Haworth Press, Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, 13904-1580, New York, USA. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482277937
Amalina S, Mohd Hanifah Y, Mohamad Roff MN, Idris AB. 2016. Effects of plant age and insect densities on parasitism by Cotesia vestalis (Haliday). Middle-East J Sci Res. 24: 1839-1846.
Chaudhary RN, Sharma VK. 1987. Parasitization in diapausing larvae of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) by Apanteles flavipes (Cameron). Ind J Ecol. 14: 155-157.
Desneux N, Decourtye A, Delpuech JM. 2007. The sub-lethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. Annu Rev Entomol. 52: 81–106. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091440 PMid:16842032
Devi N, Raj D. 1996. Extent of parasitization of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) on maize by Apanteles sp. in mid hill zone of Himachal Pradesh (India). J Entomol Res. 30: 171-172.
Dharmasena CMD. 1993. Chemical control of maize stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Pestology 17: 25-27 Divyal K, Marulasiddesa KN, Karupanidhi K, Sankar M. 2009. Population dynamics of stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and its interaction with natural enemies in sorghum. Ind J Sci Tech. 3: 1–2.
Ganguli RN, Chaudhary RN, Ganguli Jayalakshmi. 1997. Effect of time of application of chemicals on management of maize stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Int J Pest Manage. 43: 253-259. https://doi.org/10.1080/096708797228546
Hoffmann MP, Ode PR, Walker DL, Gardner J, van Nouhuys S, Shelton AM. 2001. Performance of Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) reared on factitious hosts, including the target host, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Biol Control 10: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1006/bcon.2000.0912
Hoffmann MP, Pitcher SA, Cheever SA, Gardner J, Losey JE, Kuhar TP, Laub CA, Youngman RR. 2006. Efficacy of inoculative releases of Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) against European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in field corn. Biol Control 36: 345-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.10.008
Jalali SK, Singh SP. 2006. Biological control of Chilo partellus using egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis and Bacillus thuringiensis. Ind J Agric Res. 40: 184-189.
Kalra AN, Srivastava RC. 1996. Biology of Apanteles flavipes Cameron (Braconidae: Hymenoptera), a parasite of moth borers of sugarcane, under micro-ecological conditions, pp. 606-609. IN: Proc Vth All India Conf on Sugarcane Research Workshop, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Kishore P. 1986. Studies on natural enemies of spotted stem borer. Sorghum Newslett. 29: 65-66.
Kishore P. 1986. Studies on natural enemies of spotted stem borer. Sorghum Newslett. 29: 65-66.
Kuhar TP, Barlow VM, Hoffmann MP, Fleischer SJ, Groden E, Gardner J, Hazzard R, Wright MG, Pitcher SA, Speese J. 2004. Potential of Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) for biological control of European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in solanaceous crops. J Econ Entomol. 97: 1209–1216. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/97.4.1209
Kumar P, Sekhar JC, Kaur Jaswinder. 2013. Trichogrammatids: Integration with other methods of pest control. 410 pp. In: Sithanantham S, Ballal CR, Jalali SK, Bakthavatsalam N. (Eds.). Biological Control of Insect Pests Using Egg Parasitoids. 12 illus. Springer Science Publications.
Kumar P, Sekhar JC, Kaur Jaswinder, Bana JK, Suby SB. 2012. Screening techniques in maize germplasm, 2012. Directorate Maize Research, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Tech Bull. 2012/10, 40 pp.
Landis DA, Wratten SD, Gurr GM. 2000. Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture. Annu Rev Entomol. 45: 175– 201. https:// doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.175 PMid:10761575
Li LY. 1994. Worldwide use of Trichogramma for biological control of different crops: A survey, pp. 37-54. In: Biological control with egg parasitoids, (Wajnberg E, Hassan SA. (Eds.), CAB International, Wallingford, England. PMCid:PMC159496
Lim GS. 1982. The biology and effects of parasite on diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Ph.D. thesis, University of London, United Kingdom.
Mills N. 2010. Egg parasitoids in biological control and integrated pest management, pp. 389–411. In: Egg parasitoids in agro-ecosystems with emphasis on Trichogramma (Consoli F, Parra J, Zucchi R. (Eds.). Springer, New York, USA. PMid:21415890
Ooi ACP. 1979. Incidence of Plutella xylostella. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) and its parasites, Apanteles plutellae Kurdj. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Malaysian App Biol. 8: 131-143
Overholt WA, Ngi-Song AJ, Omwega CO, Kimani-Njogu SW, Mbapila J, Sallam MN, Ofomata VC. 1997. A review of the introduction and establishment of Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in East Africa for biological control of cereal stemborers. Insect Sci Appl. 17: 79–95.
Padmaja PG, Prabhakar M. 2004. Natural parasitization of spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) on sweet sorghum in Andhra Pradesh. Ind J Entomol. 66: 285–286.
Reyes R. 1987. Sorghum stem borer in central and South Africa, pp. 49-58. In: Proc Int Workshop on sorghum stem borer, 17-20 November, ICRISAT Centre, Patancheru, AP, India.
Siddiqui KH, Sarup P, Panwar VPS, Marwaha KK. 1977. Evolution of base gradients to formulate artificial diets for mass rearing of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). J Entomol Res. 1: 117-131.
Smith SM. 1996. Biological control with Trichogramma: advances, successes and potential of their use. Annu Rev Entomol. 41: 375-406. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.41.010196.002111 PMid:15012334
Sow G, Diarra K, Arvanitakis L, Bordat D. 2013. The relationship between the diamondback moth, climatic factors, cabbage crops and natural enemies in a tropical area. Folia Hort. 25: 3-12 https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort2013-0001
Talekar NS. 1997. Characteristics of parasitism of diamondback moth by Oomyzus sokolowskii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), pp. 97-103. In: the Proceedings of Third International Workshop on Management of Diamondback Moth and other Crucifer Pests, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 29 October-1 November, 1996.
Tanwar RK., Varma A. 2002. Field Trials with Cotesia flavipes Cameron against sugarcane borers in sub tropical India. Sugar Tech. 4: 153-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/ BF02942698
Teli VS, Chavan BP, Ankalkoppe MN, Khot RB, Harers PN. 2007. Evaluation of some insecticides for the control of maize stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). J Entomol Res. 31: 323-326.
Van Lenteren JC. 2000. Measures of success in biological control of arthropods by augmentation of natural enemies, pp. 77-103. In: Gurr G, Wratten S. (Eds.). Measures of success in biological control. Kluwer Academic; Dordrecht, The Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4014-0_3
Wang ZY, He KL, Zhang F, Lu X, Babendreier D. 2014. Mass rearing and release of Trichogramma for biological control of insect pests of corn in China. Biol Control 68: 136–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2013.06.015
Wright MG, Kuhar TP, Hoffmann MP, Chenus SA. 2002. Effect of inoculative releases of Trichogramma ostriniae on populations of Ostrinia nubilalis and damage to sweet corn and field corn. Biol Control 23: 149-155. https:// doi.org/10.1006/bcon.2001.0993
Zhang F, Babendreier D, Wang ZY, Il KS, Zheng L, Pyon YC, Bai SX, Song K, Ri J O, Grossrieder M, Kuhlmann U. 2010. Mass releases of Trichogramma ostriniae increase maize production in DPR Korea. J App Entomol. 134: 481–490. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1439-0418.2010.01512.x
Zhou G, Baumgartner J, Overholt WA. 2001. Impact assessment of an exotic parasitoid on (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) stem borer (Lepidoptera) population dynamics in Kenya. Ecol Appl. 11: 1554–1562. https://doi.org/10.1890/10510761(2001)011[1554:IAOAEP] 2.0.CO;2