Assessment of Anti-Carcinogenic Potential of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Extract Loaded Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles against Experimentally Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis in Rats

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Authors

  • S. G. Chavhan
     Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai - 600 007, Tamil Nadu ,IN
  • C. Balachandran
     Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai - 600 007, Tamil Nadu ,IN
  • A. P. Nambi
     Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai - 600 007, Tamil Nadu ,IN
  • G. Dhinakar Raj
     Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai - 600 007, Tamil Nadu ,IN
  • S. Vairamuthu
     Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai - 600 007, Tamil Nadu ,IN

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i4/35228

Keywords:

Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles, DMBA, Mammary Tumor, Neem Leaf Extract, Rats

Abstract

Considering the need for alternative medicine in alleviation of tumors and use of nanotechnology in furthering the action of herbal/natural products, the present study was designed to evaluate the anti-carcinogenic potential of Neem leaf Extract (NE) loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles (NE-CaNP) on 7, 12-Dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) induced mammary tumors in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Ultrastructurally, the NE-CaNP were smooth, spherical with a tendency to agglomerate and evenly distributed. The NE-CaNP had a mean diameter of 231.4 ± 89.2 nm and zeta potential of -31.3mV. The mean coupling efficiency of CaNP was 90-91 %. The experimental trial consisted of control, NE-CaNP control, DMBA, DMBA+NE and DMBA+NE-CaNP groups. The mean latency periods for occurrence of mammary tumor were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased in the DMBA+NE and DMBA+NE-CaNP groups compared to the DMBA group. The mean latency period in the DMBA+NE-CaNP group was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than the DMBA+NE group. The mean tumor frequency, volume and weight were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased in the DMBA+NE-CaNP group. Histopathologically, the number of benign lesions was found highest (47.54%) in DMBA+NE-CaNP group rats. The relative percent reduction in malignancy as compared to the DMBA group was 42.86% and 54.29% in the DMBA+NE and DMBA+NE-CaNP groups respectively. In conclusion, the neem leaf extract loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles were found to have better anti-carcinogenic potential by significantly reducing the incidence, frequency, weight, volume, malignancy and increased the tumor latency period of DMBA induced mammary tumors in female Sprague-Dawley rats as compared to rats treated with neem extract alone. Findings of the present study suggested that the neem leaf extract loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles (NE-CaNP) has immense anticancer potential in terms of reduction in tumor burden and malignancy.

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Published

2023-12-11

How to Cite

Chavhan, S. G., Balachandran, C., Nambi, A. P., Raj, G. D., & Vairamuthu, S. (2023). Assessment of Anti-Carcinogenic Potential of Neem (<i>Azadirachta indica</i>) Leaf Extract Loaded Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles against Experimentally Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis in Rats. Toxicology International, 30(4), 659–674. https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2023/v30i4/35228

Issue

Volume 30, Issue 4, October-December 2023

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Articles

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Copyright (c) 2023 S. G. Chavhan, C. Balachandran, A. P. Nambi, G. Dhinakar Raj, S. Vairamuthu

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Europe PMC
Received 2023-09-29
Accepted 2023-11-09
Published 2023-12-11

 

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