Impact of in utero Exposure of Triazophos on Reproductive System Functions in Female Albino Rats, Rattus norvegicus

Jump To References Section

Authors

  • ,IN
  • ,IN

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2019/v26i1&2/23901

Keywords:

Females, in utero, Reproduction, Rattus norvegicus, Triazophos

Abstract

Triazophos (TZ) at the level of Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) (0.01 mg/kg bw/day) and 10í—ADI (0.1 mg/kg bw/day) was given to the female albino rats to examine its effects on their reproductive system. In this study, the pregnant female albino rats were divided into three groups, each group comprising of six rats. The first group was gavaged with olive oil (control group), the second group was administered with ADI level of TZ (ADI group) and the third group was treated with 10í—ADI level of TZ (10í—ADI group). The dose was given through oral intubation until the end of pregnancy. At the end of gestational period, the reproductive parameters of dams were examined, however, the females which did not breed were dissected for uterine examination. The results of the present study revealed non-significant decrease in the body weight gain of females treated with ADI and 10í—ADI in comparison with controls. The analysis of reproductive index depicts significant decrease in percentage pregnancy, litter size and pup survival, however, significant increase in gestational length of ADI group females as compared to controls. The examination of organ weight indicated significant decrease in weight of liver, however, significant increase in weight of thyroid, ovary, uterus and oviduct of 10í—ADI group females in comparison to control. The levels of biochemical constituents viz. protein and Alanine transaminase (ALT) were significantly increased in plasma, however, the levels of Alkaline Phosphatase (AKP) significantly increased in ovaries of 10í—ADI group females as compared to control. Histological studies of ovaries revealed significantly enhanced percentage of follicular atresia, however, significantly decreased diameter of ovarian follicles in 10í—ADI group females. Histological examination of liver indicates distorted central vein, vacuolization of hepatocytes, dilated sinusoids with intense mono nuclear inflammatory cells and infiltration in ADI and 10í—ADI group females as compared to controls. Hence, in utero intoxication of female rats with TZ at the level of ADI and 10í—ADI has a potential to induce alterations at cellular and organ level.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Published

2020-01-29

How to Cite

Bhanot, R., & Sangha, G. K. (2020). Impact of in utero Exposure of Triazophos on Reproductive System Functions in Female Albino Rats, <i>Rattus norvegicus</i>. Toxicology International, 26(1&amp;2), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2019/v26i1&2/23901
Received 2019-07-09
Accepted 2019-11-11
Published 2020-01-29

 

References

McLachlan JA. Environmental signaling: What embryos and evolution teach us about endocrine chemicals?Endocrine Reviews. 2001; 22:319–41. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.22.3.319. PMid:11399747

Asogwa EU, Dongo LN. Problems associated with pesticide usage and application in Nigerian cocoa production: A review. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 2009; 4:675–83.

Bhardwaj JK, Saraf P. Influence of toxic chemicals on female reproduction: A review. Cell Biology: Research & Therapy Journal. 2014; 3:1. https://doi.org/10.4172/23249293.1000110

Dallegrave E, Mantese FD, Oliveira RT, Andrade AJM, Dalsenter PR, Langeloh A. Development: review of epidemiological studies. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health. 2007; 21:121–32.

Kumar M, Kumar A. Report on application and health effects of pesticides commonly used in India, Centre for Science and Environment. New Delhi: India; 2007.

Rani S, Madan VK, Kathpal TS. Persistence and dissipation behavior of triazophos in canal water

under Indian climatic conditions. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2001; 50:82–4. https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2001.2103. PMid:11534957

Li W, Qiu S, Wu Y. Triazophos residues and dissipation rates in wheat crops and soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2007; 69(2):312–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.12.012. PMid:17291586

Ghosh PK, Philip L. Environmental significance of atrazine in aqueous systems and its removal by biological processes: An overview. Global NESI J. 2006; 8(2):159–78. https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.000306

Gbaruko BC, Ogwo EI, Igwe JC, Yu H. Organophosphate induced chronic neurotoxicity: Health, environmental and risk exposure issues in developing nations of the world.African Journal of Biotechnology. 2009; 8:5137–41.

Bretveld RW, Thomas CMJ, Scheepers PTJ, Zielhuis GA, Roeleveld N. Pesticide exposure: The hormonal function of the female reproductive system disrupted? Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2006; 4:30–6.https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-4-30. PMid:16737536.PMCid:PMC1524969

Propper CR. The study of endocrine disrupting compounds: Past approach and new directions. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 2005; 45(1):194–200. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/45.1.194. PMid:21676762

Saha R, Masssanyi P, Roychoudhary S. Impact of childhood exposure to pesticides on reproductive toxicity in males.International Journal of Recent Scientific Research. 2014; 5:60–3.

Sharma D, Sangha GK, Khera KS. Triazophos induced oxidative stress in female albino rats. International Journal of Advanced Research. 2014; 2:746–54.

Jain S, Mythily S, Ahmed RS, Arora VK, Banerjee BD.Induction of oxidative stress and histopathological changes by sub-chronic doses of triazophos. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2010; 47(6):388–92.

Jain S, Ahmeda RS, Arora VK, Banerjee BD. Biochemical and histopathological studies to assess chronic toxicity of triazophos in blood, liver and brain tissue of rats. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 2011; 100(2):182–6. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2011.03.008

Sharma D, Sangha GK. Triazophos induced oxidative stress and histomorphological changes in liver and kidney of female albino rats. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 2014; 110:71–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.03.003. PMid:24759054

Sharma D, Sangha GK, Khera KS. Effect of preconceptional exposure of triazophos formulation on fertility and reproductive performance of female wistar rats, Rattus Norvegicus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences. 2015; 85:987–92 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-014-0460-2

Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall AJ. Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1951; 193:265–75.

Bessey OA, Lowry OH, Bruck MJ. A method for the rapid determination of alkaline phosphatase with five millimeters of serum. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1946; 164:321–9.

Bergmeyer HU. Methods of enzymatic analysis. New York: Academic Press. 1974; 2:727. https://doi.org/10.1016/B9780-12-091302-2.50042-6

Turner KJ, Barlow NJ, Struve MF, Wallace DG, Gaido KW, Dorman DC, Foster PMD. Effects of in utero exposure to the organophosphate insecticide fenitrothion on androgendependent reproductive development in the Crl:CD(SD)BR rat. Toxicological Sciences. 2002; 68:174–83. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/68.1.174. PMid:12075120

Shalaby MA, Abo-El-Sooud K, Hamoda AA. Assessment of toxicity of chlorpyrifos insecticide on fetuses and suckling pups of rats. Insight Ecol. 2013; 2:1–7. https://doi.org/10.5567/ECOLOGY-IK.2013.1.7

Huang C, Li X. Maternal Cypermethrin Exposure during the perinatal period impairs testicular development in C57BL male offspring. Plos One. 2014; 9(5):e96781. https:// doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096781. PMid:24810582.PMCid:PMC4014553

Baligar PN, Kaliwal BB. Induction of gonadal toxicity to female rats after chronic exposure to mancozeb. Industrial Health. 2001; 39:235–43. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.39.235. PMid:11499999

Seth PK, Jaffery FN, Khanna VK. Toxicology. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 2000; 32:134–51.

Sangha GK, Kaur K, Khera KS, Singh B. Toxicological effects of cypermethrin on female albino rats. Toxicology International. 2011; 18:5–82. https://doi.org/10.4103/09716580.75844. PMid:21430912 PMCid:PMC3052585

Nishi K, Hundal SS. Chlorpyrifos induced toxicity in reproductive organs of female Wistar rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2013; 62:732–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.006. PMid:24140463

Shanthalatha A, Madhuranath BN, Yajurvedi HN. Effect of methomyl formulation, a carbamate pesticide on ovarian follicular development and fertility in albino mice. Journal of Environmental Biology. 2013; 33:33–7.

Kaur S, Dhanju CK. Enzymatic changes induced by some organophosphorous pesticides in female rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 2004; 42:1017–19.

Kaur S, Dhanju CK. Biochemical effects of some organophosphorus pesticides on the ovaries of albino rats. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2005; 49(2):148–52.

Toor HK, Sangha, GK, Khera KS. Imidacloprid induced histological and biochemical alterations in liver of female albino rats. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 2013; 105:1–4.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2012.10.001. PMid:24238282

Uzun FG, Kalender Y. Chlorpyrifos induced hepatotoxic and hematologic changes in rats: The role of quercetin and catechin. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2013; 55:549–56.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.056. PMid:23402859