Bronchial Carcinoid: Case Report and Review of Literature

Jump To References Section

Authors

  • Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Nashik - 422203, Maharashtra ,IN
  • Assistant Professor, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Nashik - 422203, Maharashtra ,IN
  • Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Nashik - 422203, Maharashtra ,IN
  • PG Resident, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Nashik - 422203, Maharashtra ,IN

Keywords:

Bronchial Carcinoid Tumor, Diagnosis, Treatment of Bronchial Carcinoid
Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness

Abstract

Bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors which are slow growing neuroendocrine tumors arising from Enterochromaffin (EC) cells, accounts for 10% of all carcinoid tumors. Mentioned here is a case report of 46 year old male with incidental finding on CXR of left hemithorax inhomogenous opacity and features suggestive of volume loss. CECT showed a well defined 2.5 í— 1.5 cm circular intraluminal growth occluding the left main bronchus. Bronchoscopy revealed a red, shiny, smooth walled growth 1 cm beyond the carina in the left main bronchus, attached to the roof of the bronchial wall, causing ball valve mechanism. Histopathology and Cytology of needle aspiration from tumor confirmed the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoid. To avoid misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis of intrabronchial carcinoid a high index of suspicion should be maintained and radiological, brochoscopical and pathological investigations for accurate and early diagnosis must be undertaken.

Author Biography

Gauri S. Kulkarni, Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Nashik - 422203, Maharashtra

Asso prof depatment of pulmonary medicine

Downloads

Published

2016-02-29

Issue

Section

Case Series

 

References

Lips CJ, Lentjes EG, Hoppener JW. The spectrum of carcinoid tumours and carcinoid syndromes. Ann Clin Biochem. 2003; 40(Pt 6):612–27.

Chong S, Lee KS, Chung MJ. Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung: Clinical, pathologic, and imaging findings. Radiographics. 2006 Jan-Feb. 26(1):41–57; 57–8.

Lubarsh O. Uber den pimaeren krebs des ileum nebst Bemerkungen ueber das gleichzeitige Vorkommen von krebs und Tuberculos. Virchows Arch. 1888; 11:280–317.

Raut CP, Kulke MH, Glickman JN, Swanson RS, Ashley SW. Carcinoid tumors. Curr Probl Surg. 2006; 43:391–450.

Gosset A, Masson P. Tumeurs endocrines de l'appendice. Presse Med. 1914; 25:237–9.

Hamperl H. Uber gutartige bronchialtumoren (cylindrome und carcinoide). Virchows Arch. 1937; 300:46–88.

Cortez LL, Clemente C, Puig V, Mirada A. Carcinoid tumor. An analysis of 131 cases. Rev Clin Esp. 1994; 194(4):291–3.

Modlin IM, Sandor A. An analysis of 8305 cases of carcinoid tumors. Cancer. 1997; 79(4):813–29.

Newton JN, Swerdlow AJ, dos Santos Silva IM, et al. The epidemiology of carcinoid tumours in England and Scotland. Br J Cancer. 1994; 70(5):939–42.

Soga J. Carcinoids of the rectum: An evaluation of 1271 reported cases. Surg Today. 1997; 27(2):112–9.

Soga J. Carcinoids of the small intestine: A statistical evaluation of 1102 cases collected from the literature. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 1997; 16(4):353–63.

Woods HF, Bax ND, Ainsworth I. Abdominal carcinoid tumours in Sheffield. Digestion. 1990; 45(S1):17-22.

Modlin IM, Lye KD, Kidd M. A 5-decade analysis of 13,715 carcinoid tumors. Cancer. 2003; 97(4):934–59.

Warren WH, Gould VE. Long-term follow-up of classical bronchial carcinoid tumors. Clinicopathologic observations. Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1990; 24(2):125–30.

Watzka FM, Fottner C, Miederer M, et al. Surgical therapy of neuroendocrine neoplasm with hepatic metastasis: Patient selection and prognosis. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2015; 400(3):349–58.

Harpole DH, Feldman JM, Buchanan S. Bronchial carcinoid tumors: A retrospective analysis of 126 patients. The Annals of thoracic surgery. 1992; 54(1):50–4.

Fink G, Krelbaum T, Yellin A, et al. Pulmonary carcinoid: Presentation, diagnosis, and outcome in 142 cases in Israel and review of 640 cases from the literature. Chest. 2001; 119(6):1647–51.

Oliveira AM, Tazelaar HD, Wentzlaff KA, et al. Familial pulmonary carcinoid tumors. Cancer. 2001; 91(11):2104–9.

Zuetenhorst JM, Taal BG. Metastatic carcinoid tumours: A clinical review. Oncologist. 2005; 10:123–31.

Limper AH, Carpenter PC, Scheithauer B, Staats BA. The Cushing syndrome induced by bronchial carcinoid tumors. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117(3):209–14.

Wajchenberg BL, Mendonca BB, Liberman B, et al. Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome. Endocr Rev. 1994; 15:752–87.

Carroll DG, Delahunt JW, Teague CA, et al. Resolution of acromegaly after removal of a bronchial carcinoid shown to secrete growth hormone releasing factor. Aust N Z J Med. 1987; 17(1):63–7.

Okike N, Bernatz PE, Payne WS, et al. Bronchoplastic procedures in the treatment of carcinoid tumors of the tracheobronchial tree. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1978; 76(3):281–91.

Kulke MH, Mayer RJ. Carcinoid tumors. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340:858–68.

Torre M, Barberis M, Barbieri B, et al. Typical and atypical bronchial carcinoids. Respir Med. 1989; 83:305–8.

Emeryk J, Czekajska-Chehab E, Korobowicz E, Korbel M, Wegrzyn-Szkutnik I, Milanowski J. Bronchial carcinoid in a 39-year-old man treated for bronchial asthma: A case report. Cases Journal. 2008; 2:7414. DOI:10.1186/17571626-2-7414.

Kumari, A, Sharma P, Tikku G, Malhotra K. Primary endobronchial carcinoid tumour: Case report and review of literature. Clinical Medicine Journal. 2015; 1(2):43–7.

Travis WD, Rush W, Flieder DB, et al. Survival analysis of 200 pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors with clarification of criteria for atypical carcinoid and its separation from typical carcinoid. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998; 22(8):934–44.

Arrigoni MG, Woolner LB, Bernatz PE. A typical carcinoid tumors of the lung. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1972; 64:413–21.

Travis WD, Linnoila RI, Tsokos MG, et al. Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung with proposed criteria for large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. An ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric study of 35 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1991; 15:529–53.

Beasley MB, Brambilla E, Travis WD. The 2004 World Health Organization classification of lung tumors. Semin Roentgenol. 2005; 40(2):90–7.

Travis WD, Brambilla E, Burke AP, Marx A, Nicholson AG, editors. WHO classification of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart. World Health Organization Classification of Tumors. 4th ed. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2015. p. 9–97.

Lim E, Goldstraw P, Nicholson AG, et al. Proceedings of the IASLC international workshop on advances in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors 2007. J Thorac Oncol. 2008; 3:1194–201.

Eriksson B, Oberg K, Stridsberg M. Tumor markers in neuroendocrine tumors. Digestion. 2000; 62(S1):33–8.

Janson ET, Holmberg L, Stridsberg M, et al. Carcinoid tumors: Analysis of prognostic factors and survival in 301 patients from a referral center. Ann Oncol. 1997; 8(7):685– 90.

Nessi R, Ricci PB, Ricci SB, Bosco M, Blanc M, Uslenghi C, et al. Bronchial carcinoid tumors: Radiologic observations in 49 cases. J Thorac Imaging. 1991; 6(2):47–53.

Jeung MY, Gasser B, Gangi A, Charneau D, Ducrog X, Kessler R, et al. Bronchial carcinoid tumors of the thorax: Spectrum of radiologic findings. Radiographics. 2002; 22(2):351–65.

Magid D, Siegelman SS, Eggleston JC, Fishman EK, Zerhouni EA. Pulmonary carcinoid tumors: CT assessment. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1989; 13(2):244–7.

Choplin RH, Kawamoto EH, Dyer RB, Geisinger KR, Mills SE, Pope TL. Atypical carcinoid of the lung: Radiographic features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1986; 146:665–8.

Granberg D, Sundin A, Janson ET, Oberg K, Skogseid B, Westlin JE. Octreoscan in patients with bronchial carcinoid tumours. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2003; 59(6):793–9.

JCC cancer staging manual. 7th ed. New York City: Springer; 2011. p. 251–3.

Filosso PL, Guerrera F, Evangelista A, et al. Prognostic model of survival for typical bronchial carcinoid tumours: Analysis of 1109 patients on behalf of the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) neuroendocrine tumours working groupdagger. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015; epub ahead of print.

Kaifi JT, Kayser G, Ruf J, Passlick B. The diagnosis and treatment of bronchopulmonary carcinoid. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015; 112(27-28):479–8.

Fuks L, Fruchter O, Amital A, Fox BD, Abdel Rahman N, Kramer MR. Long-term follow-up of flexible bronchoscopic treatment for bronchial carcinoids with curative intent. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy. 2009; 2009.

Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/782961 45. Caplin ME, Baudin E, Ferolla P, et al. Pulmonary neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors: European neuroendocrine tumor society expert consensus and recommendations for best practice for typical and atypical pulmonary carcinoid. Ann Oncol. 2015; epub ahead of print.

Horsch D, Schmid KW, Anlauf M, et al. Neuroendocrine tumors of the bronchopulmonary system (typical and atypical carcinoid tumors) Current strategies in diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions of an expert meeting February 2011 in Weimar, Germany. Oncol Res Treat. 2014; 37(5):266–76.

Steuer CE, Behera M, Kim S, et al. Atypical carcinoid tumor of the lung: A surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database analysis. J Thorac Oncol. 2015; 10(3):479–85.

Bolukbas S, Schirren J. Parenchyma-sparing bronchial sleeve resections in trauma, benign and malign diseases. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010; 58(1):32–7.

Stuteja TG, Vanderschueren RJ, Werf TS. Bronchoscopic therapy in patients with intraluminal typical bronchial carcinoid. Chest. 1995; 107(2):556–8.

Avecillas JF, Mehta AC. Flexible bronchoscopy and the use of lasers. In: Wang KP, Mehta AC, Turner JF, editors. Flexible Bronchoscopy. 2nd ed. Massachesselts: Blackwell Publishing; 2005. p. 157–73.