Bacillus thuringiensis, Bioefficacy, Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura, Water Quality.
Abstract
The influence of Electrical Conductivity (EC) - based quality of water, used as spray fluid, on the bioefficacy of commercial formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (B.t.) was studied in laboratory bioassays against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hiibner). EC quality did not alter the efficacy of B. t. formulations significantly. However, larval mortality decreased with increase in EC.