Evaluation of UV protectants for wettable powder formulation of native Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) isolate against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in the Laboratory
Authors
-
College of Agriculture, Bheemarayanagudi, Shahapur, Yadgiri - 585287, Karnataka ,IN
Saroja -
College of Agriculture, Bheemarayanagudi, Shahapur, Yadgiri - 585287, Karnataka ,INBasavaraj Kalmath
-
College of Agriculture, UAS Raichur - 584104, Karnataka ,INM. Bheemanna
-
College of Agriculture, UAS Raichur - 584104, Karnataka ,INA. Prabhuraj
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2018/21661Keywords:
Bacillus thuringiensis, Helicoverpa armigera, lyophilized powder, WP formulation, UV protectantsAbstract
Radiation severely inactivates the potency of Bacillus thuringiensis spores and crystals present in sprayed formulations leading to decreased efficacy in field. Incorporation of UV protectants to biopesticides is one of the methods to protect against radiation damage. Keeping this as objective, a native isolate BGC-1 was selected for preparation and evaluation of wettable powder formulation against second instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera. Median lethal concentration of the BGC-1 was 1.05 g/l and assigned biopotency value was 15428.57 ITU/g. UV protectants viz., melanin, para-amino benzoic acid, polyvinyl alcohol and Congo red were evaluated by exposing formulated solution to sunlight at different intervals of time. Among four UV protectants, melanin showed an excellent UV protecting ability with the mortality of 86.67 per cent and, 116.49 μg/ml of crude protein at 5 h sunlight exposure with temperature of 43.6°C and light intensity of 4.93í—105 lux followed by 80.00 per cent mortality, 1.74í—108 CFU/ml and 109.40 μg/ml of crude protein in para-amino benzoic acid UV protectant. Next best UV protectant was congo red with the mortality of 73.33 per cent and, 90.76 μg/ml of crude protein and 1.26í—108 CFU/ml. It is concluded that melanin was found to be an effective UV protectant for B. thuringiensis WP formulations against H. armigera.
Downloads
Metrics
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Accepted 2018-10-17
Published 2018-11-27
References
Abbott WS. 1925. A method for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J Econ Entomol. 18: 265–267. https:// doi.org/10.1093/jee/18.2.265a
Amoura M, Brayner R, Perullini M, Sicard C, Roux C, Livage J, Coradin T. 2009. Bacteria encapsulation in a magnetic sol–gel matrix. J Mater Chem. 19: 1241–1244. https:// doi.org/10.1039/b820433k
Ashfaq M, Young SY, McNew RW. 2001. Larval mortality and development of Pseudoplusia includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) reared on a transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis cotton cultivar expressing Cry1Ac insecticidal protein. J Econ Entomol. 94(5): 1053–1058. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-94.5.1053
Bernhard K, Utz R. 1993. Production of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticides for experimental and commercial uses. In: Bacillus thuringiensis, an environmental biopesticide: Theory and practice, pp. 255–267.
Brar SK, Verma M, Tyagi RD, Valero JR, 2006. Recent advances in downstream processing and formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis based biopesticides. Process Biochem. 41: 323–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2005.07.015
Burton SL, Ellar DJ, Li J, Derbyshire DJ. 1999. N Acetylgalactosamine on the putative insect receptor aminopeptidase N is recognised by a site on the domain III lectin-like fold of a Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxin. J Mol Biol. 287(2): 1011–1022. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1999.2649
Dulmage HT, Boening OP, Rehnborg CS, Hansen GD. 1971. A proposed standardized bioassay for formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis based on the international unit. J Invertebr Pathol. 18: 240-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/ 0022-2011(71)90151-0
Finney DJ. 1971. Probit analysis. Cambridge University, Cambridge. pp. 20-49.
Goudar DG. 2011. Isolation, characterization and development of Bacillus thuringiensis formulations against diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella L.). Ph. D thesis, Univ. Agric. Sci., Dharwad, Karnartaka (India).
Hadapad AB, Hire RS, Vijayalakshmi N, Dongre TK. 2009. UV protectants for the biopesticide based on Bacillus sphaericus Neide and their role in protecting the binary toxins from UV radiation. J Invertebr Pathol. 100: 147–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2008.12.003 PMid:19167401
Hadpad AB, Vijayalakshmi N, Hire RS, Dongre TK. 2008. Effect of ultraviolet radiation on spore viability and mosquitocidal activity of an indigenous ISPC Bacillus sphaericus Neide strain. Acta Trop. 107(1): 113–116.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.04.024 PMid:18538292
Justin CGL, Soudararajan RP, Rabindra RJ, Swamiappa M. 2001. Dosage and time mortality response of the P. xylostella (L.) to B. thuringiensis Berliner formulations. Pest Manage Ecol Zool. 9(1): 109–113.
Kashyap S, Amla DV. 2007. Characterisation of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki strains by toxicity, plasmid profiles and numerical analysis of their CryIA genes. African J. Biotechnol. 6(2): 1821-1827.
Kranti KR. 2005. Insecticidal resistance management in cotton to enhance productivity. Model training course on cultivation of long staple cotton. Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Coimbatore, Dec 15-22: 214-231.
Lakshminarayana M, Sujatha M. 2003. Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis proteins against the lepidopteran pest complex of castor. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Frontier Areas of Entomological Research, 5-7 November. pp. 459–460.
Lalitha C, Muralikrishna T, Sravani S, Devaki K. 2012. Laboratory evaluation of native Bacillus thuringiensis isolates against second and third instar Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) larvae. J Biopest. 5(1): 4–9.
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Lewis Farr A, Randall RJ. 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 193: 265–275. PMid:14907713
Magda A, Bendary EI. 2006. Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus sphaericus biopesticides production. J Basic Microbiol. 46: 158–170. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jobm.200510585 PMid:16598830
Malik K, Jabeen F, Talpur MMA, Andleeb S, Farooq A. 2013. Pesticidal activity of Pakistani Bacillus thuringiensis isolates against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Pharmacy and Biol Sci. 4(1): 9–12. https://doi.org/10.9790/30080460912
Navon A, Klein M, Braun S. 1990. Bacillus thuringiensis potency bioassay against Heliothis armigera, Earies insulana and Spodoptera littoralis larvae based on standard diets. J Invertebr Pathol. 55(1): 387–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2011(90)90082-H
Nosanchuk JD, Casadevall A. 2003. The contribution of melanin to microbial pathogenesis. Cell Microbiol.
(1): 203–223. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-5814. 2003.00268.x PMid:12675679
Praca LB, Caixeta CF, Gomes ACM, Monnerat RG. 2013. Selection of Brazilian Bacillus thuringiensis strains for controlling diamondback moth on cabbage in a systemic way. Bt Res. 4(1): 1–7.
Ragesh PR, Satish G, Singh IK, Singh AK. 2015. Attraction of neonate Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae to different host plant volatiles. J Entomol Zool Studies 3(3): 94–97.
Sansinenea E, Ortiz A. 2014. Melanin: A photoprotection for Bacillus thuringiensis based biopesticide. Springer, Mexico. Biochem Pharmacol. 3(3): 1–8. https://doi.org/ 10.4172/2167-0501.1000e161
Savitri G, Muralimohan P. 2003. Pathogenicity of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis coagulans in silkworm, Bombyx mori (Linneaus). Indian J Seric. 42(1): 4–8.
Sharma JP, Reddy AM. 1993. Studies on toxicity of some biopesticides against Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.). J Insect Sci. 6(2): 292–294.
Sharma SS, Kaushik HD, Kalra VK. 2014. Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis varieties kurstaki and aizawai against some lepidopterous pests. Ann Biol. 17(1): 91–94.
Vimala Devi PS, Vineela V. 2014. Suspension concentrate formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki for effective management of Helicoverpa armigera on sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Biocontrol Sci Techn.
(3): 329–336.
Yang X, Oluwafemi AR, Zhang H. 2007. Screening of highly toxic Bacillus thuringiensis and its effects on the growth and development of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Entomology General. 31(1): 95–104. https:// doi.org/10.1127/entom.gen/31/2008/95
Yates FY. 1937. The design and analysis of factorial experiments. Common Wealth Bureau of Soil Science and Technology Community. pp. 35.
Zaz GM. 1989. Effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner against different instars of Spodoptera litura.
Indian J Pl Prot. 17(1): 119–121.
Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wu S, Gelbic I, Xu L, Guan X. 2016. A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis: UV protection and sustained release mosquito larvae studies. Nature 6: 39425.
