Assess the Health Hazards of the Chiffoniers in Lucknow City

Background: Chiffoniers are casual specialists who gather recyclable materials to win a little compensation on regular schedule. Their life and working conditions are amazingly troublesome. This paper inspected the wellbeing perils of the chiffonier working in dumping ground of slum areas. Aim: This purpose of this study was to assess the health problems of the chiffonier. Methods: This study collected data by interviewing 120 chiffoniers in Lucknow city. The health hazards were assessed using a self-made interview schedule. Snowball sampling was used to choose the data. Results: The study shows waste pickers suffer from physical health hazards. The purpose behind occupied with such sort of work is expected not having some other abilities and simple or day by day earnings. They faced problem redness of eyes; headache, back pain, skin infections, allergy cut and accidental injuries are very common among chiffoniers. Conclusion: The finding of the study, it can be concluded that chiffoniers face many working health hazards. Majority of the waste pickers frequently report physical health problems during the work. The chiffoniers suffer from several of health harms which seem related to their employment. Chiffoniers faced general problem identity crises, police and public abuses, poor health condition and no job security. Mostly chiffoniers faced different type’s health problems at the workplace in daily life.


Introduction
Chiffonier is term for somebody who gets by scrounging through decline in the lanes to gather material for rescue. They are casual laborers who gather recyclable materials to win a little pay on consistent schedule. India's blasting urbanization brings the issue squander the board. Chiffoniers play a significant, however typically unrecognized, job in the waste administration arrangement of Indian urban areas. They gather trash looking for recyclable things that can be offered to scrap trader (paper, plastic, tin and so on.) This action requires no aptitudes and is a wellspring of pay for a developing number of urban poor in the general public 1 .
Chiffonier gathers around 10-20 kg of waste for each day. Chiffoniers are low quality of houses without running water or electricity facilities. They are subject to hand siphon water. The dumping grounds prompts baby additionally passes on in unhygienic conditions. Female chiffoniers are not much aware about family planning. A large portion of man not enlisted their youngsters' in govt. schools. Just not many waste-pickers give instruction to their youngsters' just eighth level 4 .

Working Conditions of Chiffonier
Chiffoniers gain their vocation by gathering waste items from the trash mountain consistently and wouldn't fret living in unhygienic condition. Considerably under the difficult conditions, these clothes go out to the trash mountain day by day to gather squander on the grounds that they have no other alternative. The spot is the main wellspring of business for several chiffoniers. Other than insanitary environmental factors and persistent odor, what irritate individuals living close to landfill territories more are the unconstrained flames at the landfill set off by gases, for example, methane 5 .

Stigma and Harassment, Violence
Most waste picking movement is illegal or unpermitted, so chiffonier generally faces pestering by police and public authority. Additionally, there is across the board open disdain against chiffoniers because of their destitution and saw absence of cleanliness 6 .

Health Hazards Faced by Chiffoniers
Chiffonier originates from an extremely poor financial foundation. Some have gone to the city alone and rest on pathway or shacks alongside other road youngsters, while numerous connections with their families and are all things considered, all alone. Chiffonier is on amazingly risks occupation. The chiffoniers continually open themselves to the threat of mishaps, wounds and sickness through contacts with sharp material and toxic substances as they scourge with uncovered hands and at some point even exposed feet. It isn't just their workplace this is unhygienic and infection inclined, their living condition is similarly terrible. Chiffoniers were probably going to experience the ill effects of looseness of the bowels and skin diseases. Squander pickers being presented to a few sorts of wellbeing dangers they are additionally presented to danger of obnoxious attack and physical abuse by the society and police authority 7 .
They have high word related wellbeing chances incorporating hazard from contact with human fecal issue, paper that may have gotten soaked with poisonous materials, bottles with substance buildups, metal holders with buildup pesticide and solvents, needles and bangles. The most ordinarily experienced maladies among chiffoniers are tuberculosis, bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia, diarrhea, parasites and hunger. Entryway to entryway assortment of waste to squander pickers isn't just made sure about their jobs however has additionally implied a more limited working day for a similar pay and a much cleaner workplace 8 .
The chiffoniers gather plastics, paper glass bottles, elastic materials and ferrous and non-ferrous metals from public holders and unloading destinations, which make their exercises dangerous. During their exercises, they are presented to different irresistible specialists just as to different poisonous substances which may reason for disease or disorder. Chiffoniers face social maltreatment from specific components of society which may prompt numerous social issues including the spread of sexuality communicated maladies or contaminations (HIV/AIDS). They additionally effectively get addictive propensities like biting tobacco or skillet masala and betel nuts, smoking, utilization of drink or liquor 9 .
Chiffonier are continually living in high hazard zone as they spend normal and dehumanizing movement in India. They regularly eat the foul food leftovers they find in trash receptacles or in the dumping ground. Using the dumping ground as a field the run the hazard to happen upon needles, utilized condoms, saline jugs, dirtied gloves and other emergency clinic squanders just as abundant of plastic and iron things. They experience the ill effects of numerous sorts' medical issues or infections:

Assess the Health Hazards of the Chiffoniers in Lucknow City
Objective: The authors of this research work aims to assess the health problem of chiffoniers during work.

Methodology
For successful study explanation of scientific methodology is necessary, as is directly indications towards the authenticity of the research of the study.

Locale of the Study
The areas of Lucknow were selected for the study as it as suitable for researcher to conduct the study. The data of chiffonier as collected from Indiranagar, Tedipullia (Alambagh) and Rajnikhand, Ruchikhand residential area of Lucknow.

Sampling Procedure
The sample for the investigation as comprised of 120 respondents. Snowball examining centers around inspecting strategies here the units that were explored depended on the judgment of the specialist. The fundamental objective of snowball testing as to concentrate on specific attributes of a populace that is of intrigue, which as best empowers to respond to explore questions.

Tools and Techniques
To carry out the present study, the following tools were used:-A self-made interview schedule to collect general, specific and health related information about the respondents.

Methods of Data Collection
The data as collected through on in detail interview to bring out the required information from the chiffonier. Pretested interview schedule as used to collect general, specific information and health hazards related information. Data as collected using prepared interview schedule by a face to face interview. Chiffoniers were used as details information to get information about other chiffoniers.

Results and Discussions
Results in (Table 1) describes the distribution according of their age. Results show that respondents (12.5%) were of age group 20-30 years and more than (30.8%) ere of age group 30-40, (22.0%) ere of age group 40-50, (25.0%)ere of age 50-60 and only (9.2%) ere of age group above 60.
Results in (Table 2) describes the distribution of respondents according to general health problem. Results revealed that general health problem chiffoniers majority of (99.2%) this respondent say that they face identity crises as well as (100.0%) respondent say that they have   no any job security and poor health condition (78.3%) and (75.0%) people respond they harasses by police and other public authority, remain uneducated/use of abusive language/drug peddlers it is problem of (63.3%) people (47.5%) respondents are exploited by kabaris. Results in (Table 3) described the distribution of respondent's basis on faced abuses. Results show that majority of respondent facing some time physical abuse (87.5%) and respondent say that they face some time psychological abuse (54.2%), verbal abuse always faced (70.8%) and sometime sexual abuse faced (44.2%).
Results in (Table 4) describes the distribution of respondents according to their health hazards. Results show that health hazards of chiffoniers eyes related problem sometimes redness of eyes faced by (57.5%), watering of eyes  Ho: There exists no significant difference between problem faced and age of respondents.
Results in (Table 5) showed that as p<0.001, thus null hypothesis is rejected which means that problems faced varies according to age group. Mean value also depicted the same.

Conclusion
The current assessment needs to investigate the medical issues of chiffoniers in the slum areas of Lucknow city. Results revealed that chiffoniers work in risky conditions. when moving around in trash, searching for materials that can be exchanged, the chiffoniers are presented to a wide range of wellbeing and poisonous synthetic compounds, the treatment of sharp or broken materials and genuine musculoskeletal strain. They suffer from different types of problem due to vulnerable condition the chiffoniers are likely to be harassed by police, public, la authority and any other kinds of abuses. They were faced different type health problem like headache, back pain, skin allergy, poor health condition and abusive language in daily life. For the most part chiffoniers were confronted cut injury/ accident, respiratory ailment and stomach issue, eye disease, skin contamination and musculoskeletal issues.
We identified the chiffonier in the Lucknow city were largely at risk as they directly exposed to highly infectious hospital wastes or other using dangerous waste products being dumped on the garbage disposal site. They were illiterate and they have no any other skill for choosing the other work so they were working the waste picking work and faced different type's health hazards and abuses during the work at the workplace.